Major Cold: Where Winter Reaches Its Peak

When the northern wind carries drifting snow past the eaves, winter reaches its peak. At the same time, morning mist settles into frost among bare branches. In this moment, the final chapter of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms—Major Cold—quietly unfolds with the deepest chill of the year.

The Meaning of Major Cold in the Solar Calendar

According to The Monthly Ordinances with Seventy-Two Phenological Notes, “Major Cold falls in the twelfth lunar month.” In ancient times, scholars used “Minor” and “Major” Cold to describe winter’s intensity. Minor Cold marks the beginning, while Major Cold represents its peak. However, when cold reaches its extreme, change begins. For this reason, beneath the harsh frost, the first signs of spring are already forming.

Nature at Rest, Life in Waiting

The cold of Major Cold is sharp and penetrating. At the same time, it reveals nature in its purest state. Mountains lie under heavy snow, while rivers are sealed in ice. Plants stand still after shedding their last green. Yet, this silence is not lifeless. Pines and cypresses remain upright, therefore standing out against frost-covered branches. Plum blossoms, tipped with snow, quietly gather fragrance. Meanwhile, they wait for warmth.

Three Phases That Signal Change

Traditionally, Major Cold is divided into three phases. In the first phase, hens begin laying eggs, as rising yang energy signals the approach of spring. In the second phase, birds of prey grow more agile. As a result, they cut through icy skies in search of food. In the third phase, lakes and rivers freeze solid to their depths. In this way, these changes mark both winter’s depth and the quiet return of warmth.

Major Cold and Year-End Traditions

Arriving at year’s end, Major Cold carries the atmosphere of the coming New Year. For example, in northern China, households clean their homes and prepare offerings to welcome renewal. Meanwhile, kitchens fill with steam as families make festive foods. In the south, people focus on nourishing meals. As a result, strength is built for the year ahead. Over time, markets grow lively as the New Year approaches.

A Season for Reflection and Renewal

For modern life, Major Cold offers a moment to slow down. Outside, the wind howls. Inside, warm lights glow. In this quiet contrast, people reflect, rest, and prepare quietly. A cup of hot tea or a familiar book brings comfort. In addition, conversations with loved ones ease the cold. Ultimately, the season teaches patience, resilience, and the value of waiting.

From Deep Cold to New Beginnings

Now, Major Cold has arrived, and spring is on its way. As the final solar term of the year, it closes the past and prepares the future. On one hand, it washes away restlessness with sharp clarity. On the other, it nurtures hope with gentle resolve. Before long, renewal is near.